Home values in 20 U.S. cities kept climbing in January, a sign the limited supply of available properties may push prices out of reach for some buyers.
The S&P/Case-Shiller index of property values increased 5.7% from January 2015, following a 5.6% gain in the year ended in December, the group said Tuesday in New York. That matched the median projection of 26 economists surveyed by Bloomberg. Nationally, prices rose 5.4% year-over-year.
Home values that are rising more quickly than incomes could pose a problem for the housing recovery, as they put purchases out of reach for first-time and low-income buyers. A wider selection of available homes will be needed to help keep price increases in an accessible range.
Even with the pickup in appreciation, price growth "between 5% and even 7% is in a bit of a sweet spot for the housing sector," Millan Mulraine, deputy head of U.S. research and strategy at TD Securities USA, said before the report. "If inventories remain constrained and demand is rising at a decent clip, you're going to have more bidding wars and prices are going to rise sharply, but we’re not there yet."
Economists' estimates in the Bloomberg survey for the 20-city gauge ranged from gains of 5.4% to 6.4%. The S&P/Case-Shiller index is based on a three-month average, which means the January figure was also influenced by transactions in December and November.
All 20 cities in the index showed a year-over-year increase, led by an 11.8% gain in Portland, Ore. Seattle and San Francisco rounded out the top three. Eleven cities saw year-to-year prices climb at a faster rate than in December. Chicago showed the smallest increase, at 2.1%.
The year-over-year gauge provides better indications of trends in prices, according to the S&P/Case-Shiller group. The panel includes Karl Case and Robert Shiller, the economists who created the index.
Low inventory "means that would-be sellers seeking to trade-up are having a hard time finding a new, larger home," David Blitzer, chairman of the index committee at S&P Dow Jones Indices, said in a statement. “While low inventories and short supply are boosting prices, financing continues to be a concern for some potential purchasers, particularly young adults and first-time homebuyers. The issue is availability of credit for people with substantial student or credit card debt."
On a monthly basis, home prices in the 20-city index adjusted for seasonal variations
Steady improvement in home prices is an important component of the recovery because it helps lift household wealth. As Americans see the values of their homes appreciating, they may be inclined to spend more as well, providing a boost to economic growth.
Other housing data released in recent weeks have painted a mixed picture of progress in the industry. While sales of new homes rebounded in February, closings on previously owned homes, which make up about 91% of the market, slumped to a three-month low 5.08 million annual rate as purchases declined in all four regions. A separate report showed sentiment among U.S. homebuilders held in March at a nine-month low as they grew more pessimistic about the six-month sales outlook.
Some of the more forward-looking data have been encouraging, however. New-home construction rose more than forecast in February thanks to the strongest single-family building in more than eight years, a sign builders are still betting that steady job gains and low borrowing costs will support demand for housing. Meanwhile contract signings on previously owned homes, which precede closings by one or two months, climbed in February by the most in a year.
